Which of the following does not typically assist in collaborative working?

Collaborative working is fundamentally about sharing information and fostering communication among team members to achieve common goals effectively. Offline brainstorming refers to activities conducted without the use of digital tools or online platforms, often limiting participation and interaction, especially in geographically dispersed teams.

In contrast, document sharing allows multiple members to access and edit files simultaneously, enhancing teamwork. Email facilitates communication and the exchange of ideas and updates, while chat applications enable real-time discussions and quick exchanges, which are essential for collaborative environments. Therefore, offline brainstorming, while it may have its benefits in specific situations, does not typically align with the principles of collaborative working that hinge on connectivity and real-time information sharing.